3/19/26
Jasper, R.C.D. & Cuming, G.J. (1990). "The Study of Reformed Liturgy." (pp. 177-180). In Prayers of the Eucharist: Early and Reformed. 3rd Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press. (Personal Library)
Jasper and Cuming have surveyed the liturgical texts that lead to the practices of the Orthodox churches and the Roman church. They observe that, though Zwingli uses the Ordo Romanus Primus, there had been many changes in practice between the first record we have of that liturgy and the time, some eight hundred years later, when it was being used by the Reformers (Jasper & Cuming 1990, p. 177). Frequency of communion had declined. Much of the liturgy had become a spectator event, rather than an interactive celebration of who Christ is and what he does to redeem his people.
Among the developments in the time of the Reformation, Jasper and Cuming emphasize the role of print technology in making not only Bibles but also various service books, many in the vernacular, accessible (Jasper & Cuming 1990, p. 177). At the same time, there were changes in the way people, especially in universities, would deal with theological questions. In general, Jasper and Cuming see this reflected in a new emphasis on the Scripture and pursuit of a revitalized Christianity, along with changes in the means of worship (Jasper & Cuming 1990, p. 178). Of particular interest to this book is the move away from considering the eucharist as a sacrifice, based on the concept of Jesus as the true sacrifice (Jasper & Cuming 1990, p. 179).
Jasper and Cuming divide the liturgical changes of this time period into three categories; Lutheran, Anglican, and Calvinist (Jasper & Cuming 1990, p. 179). The three groups eventually gained a worldwide influence and distinguished themselves from one another in ways which can be seen clearly through the lens of the eucharist.
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