Scholarly Reflections
Garrow, Alan J.P. "Chapter Fifteen: Further Points of Contact Between Matthew's Gospel and the Peri/Base Layer." The Gospel of Matthew's Dependence on the Didache. New York: T&T Clark International, 2004, 238-243.
Garrow previously spent considerable time with connections between Matthew's Gospel and Didache chapters one and 16. In this brief chapter, he evaluates other passages, always questioning whether the Didache text necessarily indicates a knowledge of Matthew (Garrow 2004, 238).
Matthew 15:19 and Didache 5.1 present a list of vices. While Matthew shows similarities to the Didache and Mark, the Didache includes vices which do not appear in Matthew or Mark (Garrow 2004, 239). Matthew 5.5, 7 and Didache 3.7-8 address the meek as inheriting the earth. Didache 3.7 appears to derive from Psalm 36, rather than from Matthew (Garrow 2004, 240). Matthew 19.17-21 compares with Didache 1.2a, 4b; 2.2, where some of the law of God is summarized. Matthew differs in sme elements from Mark 10 and Luke 18. However, if Matthew is a conflation of the Didache and Mark, there is no difficulty. Again, Garrow finds no reason to think the Didache is influenced by Matthew (Garrow 2004, 241). In Matthew 5.21, 27, 33 and Didache 2.2-3, the term for swearing falsely occurs only here and in one other known text. Tis suggests a strong relationship between Matthew and the Didache, though it does not indicate the direction of dependence (Garrow 2004, 241). Finally, Matthew 5.21, 22, 27, 28 and Didache 3.2-3 show a similar understanding of anger and lust. The argument for the Didache depending on Matthew is relatively weak, but there is a fairly strong case for the Didache to depend on Psalm 36, then to be used in Matthew (Garrow 2004, 242).
Garrow concludes that there is no reason to assume Matthew provided the source material for the Didache. Rather, he takes the evidence to point toward the Didache as an influence on Matthew (Garrow 2004, 242).