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Joel - An Almost Anonymous Prophet

7/23/2024

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Tuesdays Are for the Old Testament
7/23/24

Lessing, R. Reed, & Steinmann, Andrew E. (2014). "Chapter Twenty-Nine: Joel." In Prepare the Way of the Lord: An Introduction to the Old Testament. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. (461-468).

    Lessing and Steinmann note that the name of Joel is associated with numerous Old Testament figures. However, the book of Joel provides no historical context, thus leaving considerable uncertainty as to the authorship, overall theological context, and interpretation of the message (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 461). They do, however, find a consistent literary picture of God's response to national calamity. At the outset, the people are called to repent. Then God's response is a promise of restoration.
    The composition is full of metaphors and similes, which, depending on the date of composition, may have drawn from work of other prophets or been drawn on by others (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 462). In this relatively short work, Lessing and Steinmann find 22 parallels with 12 other prophetic books.
    In the first portion of Joel, two catastrophes are described: a plague of locusts and the "Day of Yahweh" (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 462). The themes are interwoven to create a call to repentance. In the second portion God cares for the plague and promises his Spirit to deal with national enemies.
    Lessing and Steinmann note the text of Joel is well preserved with the exception of 2:23, which is cryptic in nature (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 463). 
    The historical setting of Joel is difficult. The book gives no specific details other than a locust plague, which was a common event. It has been dated from the 9th to the 2nd century B.C. (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 463). The monarchy is absent, or at least not a significant help to the community. However, there is an assumption of the temple in Jerusalem. Enemies are mentioned, but they are traditional, long-term enemies.
    Lessing and Steinmann consider the possibility that Joel's plague of locusts may be a reference to a military attack (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 464). However, it may just as well refer to real locusts or other trials expected with the approach of the Day of the Lord. A second theological emphasis is Yahweh's authority over all nations (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 465). While God will judge the nations, he will also give them grace by pouring out His spirit on "all flesh" (Joel 2:28). The Holy Spirit has been seen in other portions of the Old Testament. Yet in Joel it is a more universal outpouring than seen elsewhere.
    Joel's call to repentance is couched in terms of God's mercy. Lesisng and Steinmann see this as a sign of Christ, who brings God's mercy face to face with mankind (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 465). The delivery of the Holy Spirit by Jesus after the resurrection may also be seen in Joel's prophecy of the Holy Spirit.
    Though particular sins are not enumerated in Joel, Lessing and Steinmann see the plague of locusts as a judgment on sin. God's grace is seen in his promises of restoration (Lessing & Steinmann 2014, p. 466). 

​
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Joel 3:1-5 - Lectionary for Pentecost Eve

5/17/2021

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5/17/21
Many churches throughout the world use a Bible reading schedule called a "lectionary." It's just a fancy word meaning "selected readings." Posts like this reflect on the readings for an upcoming Sunday or other Church holiday, as found in the historic one-year lectionary.

The people of this world don't seem to mind plundering God's people or God's resources, when it fits their desires. In Joel 3:1-5 God condemns several particular practices. The people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia have displaced God's people Israel and have confiscated and divided up the land which God had apportioned for the different tribes of Israel. Some of the people have been taken into slavery and have been considered as stakes to be wagered for. Human trafficking, particularly for the sex trade, has been practiced, and the perpetrators have gone to such an extent in their folly that they would sell a girl, take the proceeds in wine, and drink it up, leaving themselves with nothing of value.

Are these the acts of a people God should respect? Not at all! In verses 4-5 God has no respect for this kind of crime. It is unwarranted folly. God will return payment in kind. The people of Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia will be plundered, scattered, and sold into slavery if they should survive.

Our world remains in a terrible state. Human trafficking is rampant. People rejoice in successful fraud. There are power-brokers engaged in profiteering. 

Those who think God won't notice need to think again. None of it has escaped God's notice. He understands our human injustice. And one day, it will be repaid.

This should strike fear in the hearts of those who wish to use their power and authority, or their resources, including their intelligence, to plunder, dominate, and oppress. Your desires are known to God, and your actions are known to others. He will settle accounts in his time.

What comfort does this bring to those who are downtrodden, who have been scattered, whose resources have been confiscated, who have been treated as objects to be bought, sold, used, and discarded? God also sees you. He is not going to be silent forever.

Christians believe that in Christ, even death and hell have been conquered. Those who are looking to him in hope will find life and assurance in this world as well. There is nothing that can harm us eternally. No matter how we may have suffered, Jesus has overcome all who would try to destroy us. This is the Christian hope. God will put everything to rights in his time.

If this brief meditation was helpful to you, I hope you will check out the other materials on our website at www.WittenbergCoMo.com and consider supporting us.

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Joel 2:12-19 - Lectionary for Ash Wednesday

2/16/2021

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2/16/21
Many churches throughout the world use a Bible reading schedule called a "lectionary." It's just a fancy word meaning "selected readings." Posts like this reflect on the readings for an upcoming Sunday or other Church holiday, as found in the historic one-year lectionary.

In Joel 2:12-19, the people of God are called to a time of repentance, fasting, and prayer before God. We notice in verse 16 that the repentance and dedication to God is to apply to everyone - elders, children, infants, bride and groom, the whole congregation. 

The life of the body of Christ applies to all ages, all socieoeconomic status, all walks of life. It is not exclusive. God has had mercy on his people. As those he has redeemed, we call out to him together.

What's the end result of our passage in Joel 2? In verse 19, God is going to give his people what they need and they will not be a reproach. They will find their reputation rehabilitated. Rather than being a curse to others, they will be a blessing.

What's the reputation of Christians in our culture? In the culture where I live, Christians are often considered foolish, uneducated, bigoted, offensive, and even dangerous. Our dedication to the Lord in fasting and prayer, our conscious decisions to love and serve our neighbors, these activities may bring more accusations from our world. However, they serve to show the Lord's care for the humble. They equip us to care for those who cannot care for themselves. They allow us to do good, not evil.

If our world looks at us and despises what it sees, may it at least see the care of Christ in action.

If this brief meditation was helpful to you, I hope you will check out the other materials on our website at www.WittenbergCoMo.com and consider supporting us.

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Locusts Calling for Repentance

6/12/2018

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Tuesdays are for the Old Testament
6/12/18

Lessing, R. Reed & Andrew E. Steinmann. Prepare the Way of the Lord: An Introduction to the Old Testament. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2014. Chapter 29, “Joel” pp. 461-468.

Joel is a book which leaves us with several unanswered questions. Lessing notes that the Old Testament tells of many people named Joel. There is no historical context or mention of a king. Dating is, therefore, difficult (Lessing 2014, 461). Despite the efforts of form critics, Lessing finds that “the book of Joel is a coherent literary piece in that it presents Yahweh’s response to a time of national calamity” (Lessing 2014, 461). there is an overall logical structure at work. Lessing notes Joel’s striking use of parallelism and metaphor. There are many parallels with other prophetic books as well as internal parallels.

Joel uses the setting of a plague of locusts to call people to repentance (Lessing 2014, 462). Lessing finds no serious textual difficulties with the book. The historical issues are more problematic. Lessing finds elements which could place the text anywhere from the second to ninth centuries B.C. (Lessing 2014, 463). However, the suggestion of people of Israel scattered in other nations may well place the text after 515 B.C., when Judah returned from Babylon (Lessing 2014, 464).

The theme of a locust plague may be taken quite literally. It could also easily refer to a military invasion (Lessing 2014, 464). Lessing also notes a significant theme of God’s authority over various nations. The work of the Holy Spirit to empower God’s people as prophets is also substantial (Lessing 2014, 465). The concept of intercession for divine help drives Lessing’s attention to the role of Jesus as the one who intercedes for his people and gives them the Holy Spirit (Lessing 2014, 466). God responds to repentance by delivering grace to his people. His abundance poured out on people is the sign of God’s grace.

​
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