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Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church (The Complete Eight Volumes in One). Amazon Kindle Edition, 2014.
Volume 2, Ante-Nicene Christianity A.D. 100-325, “Chapter 8. Christian life in Contrast with Pagan Corruption.” Sections 88-103, Loc. 16158-17158.
§ 91. Epictetus.
Epictetus, from the second half of the first century, came to Rome as a slave (Schaff 2014, Loc.16303). He eventually gained his freedom and set himself up as a teacher of Stoicism before being banished from Rome shortly before 90 A.D. (Schaff 2014, Loc.16314). He spent the rest of his life in Epirus, though he was invited back to Rome in 117. Epictetus was known for a commitment to a life of poverty. He discouraged marriage, as it could distract one from his real purpose (Schaff 2014, Loc.16320). Epictetus’ teachings survive in accounts written by Flavius Arranus (Schaff 2014, Loc.16325). According to his philosophy, the work of the philosopher is to guide people in righteousness, “that they might learn to be happy even in utter want of earthly possessions” (Schaff 2014, Loc.16330). Schaff considers his teaching of an inner morality and the transitory nature of the physical to be very Socratic in its character. Epictetus seems at times to be aware of Christianity, but not influenced by it (Schaff 2014, Loc.16346).