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Jungmann, Josef A., S.J. "Chapter Sixteen: Ecclesiastical and Linguistic Provinces." The Early Liturgy to the Time of Gregory the Great. (translated by Francis A. Brunner, C.S.S. R., Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1959, pp. 200-209.
Jungmann sees travel as characteristic of Christian communities in the early centuries of Christianity (Jungmann 1959, 200). This led to relatively strong unity of practice, as congregations were in communication with one another. However, by the fourth century, distinctives began to emerge, based largely on the size and proximity of congregations to one another (Jungmann 1959, 201). This can be seen by the rise of written liturgies and instructions.
Another development even from the first century and onward is a fairly clear recognition that certain large churches would have predominance among surrounding churches (Jungmann 1959, 201). Though the major churches were often in prominent cities, and spheres of influence often roughly coincided with civic boundaries, this was not always the case. Bishops normally had a strong influence on the liturgy of the region, as well as on the purity of doctrine (Jungmann 1959, 202).
Jungmann sees diversity of language as an important feature of liturgical development. Though the three most prominent languages were Aramaic, Greek, and Latin, the distinctions were important along linguistic as well as regional lines (Jungmann 1959, 203). Jungmann traces the linguistic groups and their geographical regions in brief. Within the Syriac liturgies, the custom of antiphonal singing and the use of the Gloria Patri with Psalms became very common (Jungmann 1959, 204). Jungmann makes only insignificant comments about Greek and Latin in liturgy, except fo r their ties to Roman or Greek Christianity (Jungmann 1959, 205-206). The existence of Christian traditions in Armenian and the Germanic languages is not overly early. Jungmann tends to blame this on barbaric tendencies among the German people, whom he considers less cultured and also late to adopt Christianity (Jungmann 1959, 207).
Greek Christianity had a relatively strong linguistic and cultural network, which enabled it to expand fairly quicly (Jungmann 1959, 208).
Jungmann observes that Christianity in the fifth century tended to fragment into language-based groups, not around Greek, Latin, and Aramaic, but around more localized language usage. The liturgies then tended to develop differently in these specific areas (Jungmann 1959, 209).