Aristotle, and W. Rhys Roberts. Rhetoric. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2004. Kindle Electronic Edition.
Book II, chapter 24.
Aristotle shows that there are enthymemes which are not genuine. It is quite possible to make a conclusive statement which is not based on any evidence given (Aristotle II.24, B. 1401a). Words may also be redefined so as to assert a false conclusion (Aristotle II.24, B. 1401a). It is also possible to assert of a whole what is true of its parts. This is another fallacy, as a whole and its parts might not be identical (Aristotle II.24, B. 1401a). Another common false argument is accomplished, “if the prosecutor goes into a passion, he produces an impression of the defendant’s guilt (Aristotle II.24, B. 401b). Again, it is possible to attempt to generalize from one event, an accident, a consequence, or an alleged but not real cause (Aristotle II.24, B. 1401b). Avoiding mention of time or situation may serve to adduce a false conclusion (Aristotle II.24, B. 1402a).