Aristotle, and W. Rhys Roberts. Rhetoric. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2004. Kindle Electronic Edition.
Book III, chapter 10.
Aristotle now discusses creation of “lively and taking sayings” (Aristotle III.10, B. 1410b). While such creations come only with practice, some people find it easier than others to write in this way. The purpose is to use vivid language so the listener grasps an idea readily. To create sayings, Aristotle says, “we must aim at these three points: Antithesis, Metaphor, and Actuality” (Aristotle III.10, B. 1410b).
First, Metaphor that refers to a part of a whole is most effective. For instance, referring to part of a year is helpful for mental context (Aristotle III.10, B. 1411a). He gives numerous examples from noted speakers.